name_instr = getParamEx('TQBR', 'VTBR', 'SHORTNAME').param_image

sec_params_fetcher = {}
setmetatable(sec_params_fetcher, {
    __call = function(__call_self, ...)
        local tbl = {}
        if select('#', ...) == 0 then 
            setmetatable(tbl, {
                __index = function(self, class_code)
                    local sec_codes = {}
                    setmetatable(sec_codes, {
                        __index  = function(self, sec_code)
                            local sec_params = __call_self(class_code, sec_code)
                            rawset(self, sec_code, sec_params)
                            return sec_params
                        end
                    })
                    rawset(self, class_code, sec_codes)
                    return sec_codes
                end
            })
        else
            local class_code, sec_code, is_cached = ...
            setmetatable(tbl, {
                __index = function(self, key)
                    local res = rawget(getmetatable(self) or {}, key)
                    if res == nil then 
                        local paramtable = getParamEx(class_code, sec_code, key)
                        if paramtable ~= nil and paramtable.result == '1' then 
                            if paramtable.param_type == '1' or paramtable.param_type == '2' or paramtable.param_type == '4' then
                                res = tonumber(paramtable.param_value)
                            elseif paramtable.param_type == '3' then
                                res = paramtable.param_image
                            elseif paramtable.param_type == '5' then
                                local t = {year = 1970, month = 1, day = 1}
                                t.hour,t.min,t.sec = string.match(paramtable.param_image, "(%d%d)%p(%d%d)%p(%d%d)") 
                                res = os.time(t)
                            elseif paramtable.param_type == '6' then
                                local d = {hour = 0, min = 0, sec = 0}
                                d.day,d.month,d.year = string.match(paramtable.param_image, "(%d*)\.(%d*)\.(%d*)")
                                res = os.time(d)
                            else
                                res = paramtable.param_image
                            end
                        end
                        if res ~= nil and self.__cached then rawset(self, key, res) end
                    end
                    return res
                end,
                SetCached = function(self, is_cached)
                    if (is_cached ~= true) then
                        for i, v in pairs(self) do rawset(self, i, nil) end
                    end
                    rawset(getmetatable(self) or {}, '__cached', (is_cached == true))
                end
            })
            tbl:SetCached(is_cached)
        end
        return tbl
    end
})

-- securities parameters list (QUIK 8.1):
--
-- LONGNAME, SHORTNAME, CODE, ISINCODE, REGNUMBER, CFI_CODE, CLASSNAME, CLASS_CODE, TRADE_DATE_CODE, SEC_FACE_VALUE, SEC_FACE_UNIT, SEC_SCALE, LCURRENTPRICE,
-- SEC_PRICE_STEP, DISCOUNT1, DISCOUNT2, DISCOUNT3, SEC_COMMENT, LOTSIZE, SECTYPE, CURRENCYID, LISTLEVEL, PRIMARYDIST, QUALIFIED, ASSURED, ANONTRADE, STATUS, 
-- BID, BIDDEPTH, BIDDEPTHT, NUMBIDS, OFFER, OFFERDEPTH, OFFERDEPTHT, NUMOFFERS, OPEN, HIGH, LOW, LAST, CHANGE, QTY, TIME, VOLTODAY, VALTODAY, TRADINGSTATUS, 
-- VALUE, WAPRICE, HIGHBID, LOWOFFER, NUMTRADES, PREVPRICE, PREVWAPRICE, CLOSEPRICE, LASTCHANGE, MARKETPRICE, PRICEMAX, PRICEMIN, SELLDEPO, BUYDEPO, STEPPRICET, 
-- STEPPRICE, CLPRICE, STARTTIME, ENDTIME, MAT_DATE, DAYS_TO_MAT_DATE, OPTIONBASECLASS, R_SETTLEPRICE, OPENPCTCHANGE, STEP_IN_CURRENCY, PRICEMINUSPREVWA,  
-- SETTLEDATE, SETTLECODE, SETTLEDATE1, TRADINGPHASE, FIRST_CUR, SECOND_CUR, DPVALINDICATORBU, DPVALINDICATORSE, MARKETPRICETODAY, ISSUESIZE, PREVDATE, BASEPRICE, 
-- LCLOSEPRICE, QUOTEBASIS, ADMITTEDQUOTE, PREVADMITTEDQUOT, LASTBID, LASTOFFER, MARKETPRICE2, PREVLEGALCLOSEPR, OPENPERIODPRICE, MIN_CURR_LAST, MIN_CURR_LAST_TI, 
-- ISSUESIZEPLACED, COUNTERPRICE, PREVLOTSIZE, LOTSIZECHANGEDAT, PLANNEDTIME, AUCTPRICE, AUCTVALUE, AUCTVOLUME, AUCTNUMTRADES, IMBALANCE, MARKETVOLB, MARKETVOLS

function main()
    local sec = sec_params_fetcher()
    -- example 1:
    message('TQBR@SBER.LAST == ' .. tostring(sec.TQBR.SBER.LAST))
    message('TQBR@VTBR.LAST == ' .. tostring(sec.TQBR.VTBR.LAST))
    message('TQBR@SBER.TRADINGSTATUS == ' .. tostring(sec.TQBR.SBER.TRADINGSTATUS))
    -- example 2:
    local tqbr_sber = sec.TQBR.SBER
    message('TQBR@SBER.SHORTNAME == ' .. tostring(tqbr_sber.SHORTNAME))
    -- example 3:
    local tqbr = sec.TQBR
    message('TQBR@VTBR.STARTTIME == ' .. tostring(tqbr.VTBR.STARTTIME))
    tqbr.SBER:SetCached(true) -- enable parameter caching for SBER
    message('TQBR@SBER.SETTLEDATE == ' .. tostring(tqbr.SBER.SETTLEDATE))
    -- example 4:
    local tqbr_rosn_cached = sec_params_fetcher('TQBR', 'ROSN', true) -- enable parameter caching, getParamEx() is called only once per parameter
    message('TQBR@ROSN.SHORTNAME == ' .. tostring(tqbr_rosn_cached.SHORTNAME))
end

local function Operation_TLR(flags)
    if bit.band(flags, 0x1) ~= 0 then
        return -1 --продажа
    end
    return 1 --покупка
end
function OnTrade(item)
   local direction = Operation_TLR(item.flags)
end
--из таблиц тоже пойдет
local item = getItem("AllTrades", i) --i = № строки в таблице
local item = getItem("Trades", i) 
local direction = Operation_TLR(item.flags)